Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Theory - Essay Example Since his initial age, Descartes had started to question each conventional certainty, he had ever known or learned. His questions even arrived at his own reality on the planet. Along these lines, in his Discourse on Method Meditations and Principles, Descartes clarifies and expounds the standards of his way of thinking that rely upon suspicion and vulnerability. At that point, he began to reconstruct his insight, just as our own, by demonstrating his own reality, and the presence of brain, soul, and God. As saw by numerous masterminds, â€Å"the Method of Doubt eventually includes the assignment of expelling every single unsure conviction, guaranteeing that solitary convictions that are surely evident convictions stay in one's philosophy† (Bellotti). So as to take us from the condition of complete uncertainty to finish assurance, Descartes made a canny association between his strategy for uncertainty and his technique for request, falling back on the utilization of the logical technique for intuition, supported by previous masterminds and scholars. Fundamentally, the logical technique can be considered as a procedure, in which one adjusts himself and his past information, through ceaseless assessment of truth, for the last point of discovering answers to questions. This assessment of truth is what is alluded to as uncertainty and distrust by Descartes (Bracken). Hypothetically, the logical technique for speculation, as rehearsed by popular scholars, for example, Galileo and Francis Bacon, takes two principle structures: deductive thinking and inductive thinking. Expanding on the speculations of extraordinary previous masterminds, Descartes found that the deductive strategy most appropriate his philosophical standards. To represent, the deductive type of the logical technique comes to a provable genuine end result by thinking after the use of keen investigations and sound rationale. The inductive technique, then again, begins with perceptions, which make a speculation to be demonstrated through an affirmation procedure. This type of the logical strategy can be confirm, for instance, in Newton’s law of gravity. He showed up at this law subsequent to watching the fall of the apple from the tree. This perception drove him to make a speculation about a shrouded power that let the apple fall, driving him to show up at the law of gravity. Despite what might be expected, the deductive type of the logical strategy doesn't begin with a theory; rather, it takes a gander at the effectively existent realities and looks at them through thinking to determine decision about the precision and legitimacy of the reality. In this way, this was actually what Descartes needed to actualize, with respect to his way of thinking of uncertainty. For him, any well established reality can be questioned till it is consistently end up being valid through thinking (Roach). Descartes determined this trust in the idea of rationale and thinking from his exper ience as a mathematician. He plainly expresses this reality, when he says that he was charmed â€Å"with science due to the assurance of its exhibits and the proof of its reasoning† (Beardsley, p. 9). Utilizing his numerical foundation, Descartes at that point would in general apply rationale and thinking to all his future philosophical standards. Actualizing the deductive type of the logical strategy, Descartes goes on in his contemplations to encounter a scholarly excursion, where he questions each and every reality in our reality. As substantiated by numerous spectators, â€Å"Descartes starts his technique for question by thinking about that he has, before, been hoodwinked by his faculties †things have looked a way that they are not† (Lacewing). Subsequently, this logical technique

Hindu Custom of Marriage :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Hindu Custom of Marriage Hinduism started in Ancient India a huge number of years prior. Hindu traditions vary enormously from the ones we practice in the western world. This paper talks about the Hindu custom of marriage and the desires for those to be marry. Men are relied upon to wed so as to carry on the family ancestry. Ladies are urged to wed to help soothe their monetary weight from their folks (Sullivan 135). A wedding happens after a man has completed his investigations, accomplished the consent of his educator, washed, and played out the custom for homecoming. The dad of the young lady dresses and embellishes his little girl, and gets 2-4 dairy animals and bulls (O'Flaherty 101). The man and his significant other to be stroll around a fire multiple times while they attest their marriage promises to the went with refrains from the Veda (Sullivan 135). The Lawbook of Manu contains a rundown of attributes a spouse ought not have. She ought not originate from a family that has relinquished the customs, a family without any young men, one that doesn't recite the Veda. Some more qualities that are not adequate are ladies with bristly bodies, who have utilization, frail processing, terrible recollections, and furthermore infection. Ladies that are redheads, have additional appendages, are wiped out, uncovered, go on and on, are pallid, excessively fat or excessively dainty, excessively tall or excessively shrunken, over the hill, or coming up short on an appendage or attached to quarreling are likewise not adequate for marriage. A hostile name can decide a lady's worth. Terrible names incorporate ones that have to do with a heavenly body, tree, or stream, low position names, names of mountains, and winged creatures or snakes. Slave names and fearsome names are likewise to be maintained a strategic distance from. Ladies with these sorts of names are not to be hitched by the qualities that must be met for a lady to be worthy for marriage. A lady fit for marriage ought to have total appendages, a wonderful name, should walk like a swan or elephant, have fine hair on her body and on her head, sensitive appendages, and ought not have huge teeth. A man should take a spouse of a similar class (O'Flaherty 101-102), yet on the off chance that a marriage takes place across position limits, at that point it is quite often the lady wedding into a higher standing (Fuller 14).â Marriages are regularly orchestrated while the young lady is just a kid. The Manava Dharma Sastra and other lawful writings imagine that a man of thirty wed a young lady of twelve (Sulli van 135).

Freedom Writers Essay Topics

Freedom Writers Essay TopicsFreedom Writers essay topics are a wonderful way to learn and enjoy your time in school. It is something that will be taught over, and hopefully, continue to enhance your skills as you grow older. However, the freedom writers program for parents may not be right for you if you are looking for a change of pace or trying to do some research on the side.There are certain types of essay topics that students are assigned, whether it is writing a paper on medical ethics or why good writers use in their subject matter or even science fiction writing, or why. In fact, a good number of these topics have already been mentioned in one form or another by other students who have written papers on the same topics.While they have covered specific points and types of papers, when it comes to particular freedom writers essay topics, there is often not much ground covered at all. And since a lot of them may have been discussed, and perhaps a new topic comes up at any given time, one would wonder how things were originally discussed. That is why you might want to look elsewhere.You might want to take some free passage from a book, film, newspaper article, play, etc., but make sure that the meaning of the passage is not the same as the topic that you are teaching. Instead, look for a different topic that has similar types of thoughts, points, or observations. Often times this can lead to a completely different essay topic.If the student you teach does not understand how to use the information or doesn't seem to be following directions, you may wish to explain the idea, but never suggest that the students write about the topic. Allow them to discover the ideas on their own and you can continue working on the main topic.Some freedom writers essay topics, however, may come with a strong emphasis on reading and writing. While these are great ways to help you focus on the skills you need to succeed as a student, they are not always the best choice. Again, as a teacher, you need to go with the flow, and you want to find a topic that doesn't require too much in the way of reading and writing, as it may become too challenging to the student.As well, some freedom writers essay topics may include subjects that are a bit on the controversial side. It can be tempting to include controversial issues in the paper, especially if the topic is one that can be written about in a non-offensive manner. However, even though you may agree that the topic is important, many students will run away screaming at the moon.Ultimately, the best way to decide which freedom writers essay topics are right for you is to consider the entire course. Of course, you will want to make sure you feel that the course provides the answers you are looking for, but you also need to consider what works for you. Once you figure out what works best for you, you can begin to choose the freedom writers essay topics that are right for you.

Managing Diversity in the Workplace Essay - 2191 Words

Diversity in the workplace is a subject that has gained increased attention over recent years. After all, the impact of affirmative action and equal employment opportunity programs on the nations work force is undeniable. Women and minorities were the first to dramatically alter the face of the economic mainstream, while gays, persons with disabilities and senior citizens followed not far behind. The result is a diverse American labor force representing a microcosm of our society - yet one that continues to struggle with its identity. Continuing to increase racial and ethnic diversity in the workforce poses one of the most challenging human resource and organizational issues of our time; however, this paper will show that overcoming†¦show more content†¦Other countries around the world each have their own experience with and approach to ideas about how people differ, depending upon their historical and linguistic heritages. (Gundling 2007) The globalization of business and the demographic trends of many nations of the world are creating markets and workforces that are increasingly culturally diverse. For example, it is estimated that in the next decade more than 40 percent of all net additions to the workforce in the United States will be ethnic minorities, including many immigrants from Asian and Latin American countries. Further, organizations based in many other countries of the world, including Canada, Italy, the Pacific Islands, Germany and Japan, are struggling with issues related to the increased presence of ethnic minorities or of women in management ranks. (Cox 1997) In 50 of Americas 200 cities with populations over 100,000, the so-called minority is the majority. (Hubbard 2004) According to the U.S. Census Bureau projections, by the year 2050, non-whites will represent close to half of the U.S. population. Over 600,000 people per year legally (about 1 million total) continue to flow into the U.S. popu lation, and the birthrates of immigrants are higher than for the native-born population. (Condrey 2005) Immigration patterns have shifted, too. For much of the last century, the preponderance of immigrants came from Europe. Today,Show MoreRelatedManaging Diversity in the Workplace1043 Words   |  5 PagesManaging diverse employees in a multicultural environment proves challenging to managers; yet, increasing diversity in the workplace is very beneficial for an organization. Diverse employees will provide a wider array of talents and will relate better to varied customers. Because managers have more influence than rank-and-file employees, it is imperative that managers commit to diversity of the workforce. Dissimilarities among people due to differences in characteristics can erode companies. FirstlyRead MoreManaging Diversity in the Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pagesare instances, however, when workplace behavior can get out of hand and be inappropriate, causing a rift between employees. Many companies today hold yearly ethics courses designed to pinpoint an acceptable quality of behavior from their employees and also open up the floor to those who have issues with the company and its policies. Sometimes confronting an issue head on in a supportive environment will help find a positive solution to any issues of harassment or workplace abuse. Harassment should notRead MoreEssay on Managing Diversity in the Workplace1207 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy once said If we cannot end now our differences, at least we can help make the world safe for diversity. Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools1 Kelli A. Green, Mayra Là ³pez, Allen Wysocki, and Karl Kepner2 Introduction The worlds increasing globalization requires more interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are nowRead MoreManaging Diversity Within The Workplace1605 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract- Managing Diversity in the workplace requires a lot of focus, training, and time. This paper gives an insight into the world of management and how diversity plays a big part. It explores the key benefits to putting emphasis on diversity and also how not putting emphasis on diversity could hurt your business. This paper also gives examples on how to go about managing diversity in the workplace. With proper focus on managing diversity, your organization can be at a big advantage. I. INTRODUCTIONRead MoreManaging Diversity in the Workplace Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesManaging diversity and demographical changes in the workplace presents many dilemmas. Confronted with constant change, management, business educators, and organizational consultants continue to meet the challenges of a new and diverse workforce in a number of ways. Diversity can be defined in numerous ways. Diversity includes all the ways in which people differ, and it encompasses all the different characteristics that make one individual or group different from another. It is all inclusive and recognizesRead MoreManaging Diversity in the Workplace Essay3304 Words   |  14 PagesDiversity in the Workplace Abstract Imagine that you are a highly qualified former Hispanic executive who was recently laid off from a fortune 500 hundred company. Within that company you held several key roles in which you were crucial to the success of the organization. In the prior roles you may have never really understood the need or the process of managing diversity. You hold several advanced degrees in key business fields despite all of your experience education and the economy flourishingRead More Managing Diversity in the Workplace Essay1900 Words   |  8 Pagesexercise our diversity. We need to give each other space so that we may both give and receive such beautiful things as ideas, openness, dignity, joy, healing, and inclusion. -- Max de Pree Workplaces today have become increasingly diverse with employees of different genders, races, cultures, ethnic origins, and lifestyles. Changes in the cultural make-up of organizations have been so vast that it has become imperative for leaders and supervisors to understand cultural diversity and how it canRead MoreManaging Diversity And Equality Within The Workplace2677 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Managing diversity and equality effectively in the workplace is the core responsibility of any organization in the contemporary business world. Shen, Chanda, D’Netto and Monga (2009) conducted a survey whose results revealed the massive diversity within the British society in terms of ethnicity, nationality and religion. As a result, the Equality Act of 2010 was formulated and became law whose provisions focus on legal protection against discrimination based on gender re-assignment,Read MoreEssay about Managing Diversity in the Workplace1449 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations need diversity to become more creative and open to change. Maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity has become an important issue for management today (UCSF). Workplace diversity refers to having a variety of different types of people working together within a place of business. Employee gender, race, religion, sexual preference, physical appearance, family or marital status, education, culture, personality, or tenure establishes diversity in the workplace. Diversity is rapidlyRead More Managing Diversity and Ethics in the Workplace - 12979 Words   |  12 Pages Managing Diversity and Ethics in the Workplace Introduction There steps leaders and managers can take to effectively manage diversity and ethics concerns. How a manager effectively manages ethics and diversity, within the organization is directly correlated to the cultural, organizational and external environment influence ethical behavior. One of the step’s leaders and managers can take is to incorporate diversity training of the organization.

10 Facts About Spanish Prepositions

Here are 10 facts about Spanish prepositions that will come in handy as you learn the language. 1. A preposition is a part of speech that is used to connect a noun with another part of a sentence. That noun — or noun substitute such as a pronoun, infinitive or phrase acting like a noun — is known as a prepositional object. Unlike interjections and verbs, prepositions cannot stand alone; they are always used with objects. 2. Prepositions, preposiciones in Spanish, are called that because they are positioned before objects. In Spanish this is always true. Except perhaps in some kind of poetry where the rules of word order are discarded, the prepositional object always follows the preposition. This is in contrast with English, where it is possible to place a preposition at the end of a sentence, especially in questions such as Whom are you going with? In translating that sentence to Spanish, the preposition con must come before quià ©n, the word for who or whom in a question:  ¿Con quià ©n vas? 3. Prepositions can be simple or compound. The most common Spanish prepositions are simple, meaning that theyre made up of one word. Among them are a (often meaning to), de (often meaning from), en (often meaning in or on), para (often meaning for) and por (often meaning for). Compound prepositions should be thought of as a single unit even though made up of two or more words. Among them are delante de (usually meaning in front of) and debajo de (usually meaning underneath). 4. Phrases beginning with a preposition usually function like adjectives or adverbs. Two examples of adjectival usage, with prepositions in boldface: En el hotel hay mucho ruido durante la noche. (In the hotel there is much noise during the night. The phrase provides a description of ruido, a noun.) Comprà © la comida en el refrigerador. (I bought the food in the refrigerator.) The same adverbial phrases used as adverbs: Ella se levantà ³ durante la noche. (She got up during the night. The phrase describes how the action of the verb, se levantà ³, was performed.) Puse la comida en  el  refrigerador. (I put the food in the refrigerator.) 5. Numerous fixed phrases that include a preposition can also function as prepositions. For example, the phrase a pesar de means in spite of and like simpler prepositions must be followed by a noun or noun substitute: A pesar de la crisis, tengo mucho dinero. (In spite of the crisis, I have a lot of money.) 6. Spanish frequently uses phrases with a preposition in situations where English speakers often use adverbs. For example, youre more likely to hear phrases such as de prisa or a toda prisa to mean hurriedly than an adverb such as apresuradamente. Other common adverbial phrases among the hundreds in existence include en broma (jokingly), en serio (seriously), por cierto (certainly) and por fin (finally). 7. Meanings of prepositions can be vague and highly dependent on context, so the meanings of Spanish and English prepositions frequently dont line up well. For example, the preposition a, while often meaning to, can also mean by, at or even off to. Similarly, the English to can be translated not only as a, but also as sobre, de, hacia and contra. 8. The most confusing prepositions for Spanish students are often por and para. Thats because both are frequently translated as for. The rules become complicated, but one quick tip that covers many situations is that por often refers to a cause of some sort while para often refers to a purpose. 9. When a sentence opens with a prepositional phrase that modifies the meaning of the entire sentence, that phrase is followed by a comma. This is common with phrases that reflect the speakers attitude toward what is said. Example: Sin embargo, prefiero escuchar lo que dicen. (Nevertheless, I prefer to hear what they say.) 10. The prepositions entre and segà ºn use subject pronouns rather than object pronouns. So the equivalent of according to me is segà ºn yo (not using the me you might expect). Similarly, between you and me is entre yo y tà º (me and ti arent used).

Counseling Ethics Critical Thinking - 1196 Words

Logical Analysis of Ethics and Critical Thinking Ethics in Psychotherapy and Counseling 4th ed., Chapter 3 Authors: Kenneth Pope and Melba Vasquez The authors’ main purpose of this chapter is to teach the importance of examining our ethics through the lenses of critical thinking. In general, critical thinking is being able to learn new material with an open mind and having a heightened level of self-awareness of our biases and how our biases impact the analysis of information. A critical thinking approach when applied to the logical analysis of journal articles, chapters or entire textbooks--encourages us to analyze the author(s)’ goals, objectives, issues, observations, facts, conclusions, biases, inferences, assumptions,†¦show more content†¦The main inference in this chapter is being human makes us vulnerable to ethical errors. The key concepts we need to understand in this chapter are: learn to recognize major patterns and pitfalls. The main assumption(s) underlying the authors’ thinking is, we are not perfect, but ignorance is not bliss nor is it an e xcuse for unethical behavior. If we take this line of reasoning seriously, the implications are we must learn how judgement, the 22 types of logical fallacies in ethical reasoning, language and justifications impact are interpretation and commitment to adhere to our professional ethics. The consequences or benefits if you take authors’ line of reasoning: you will be less likely to commit ethical errors due to ignorance or experience difficulty applying ethics to your specific situation. However, if we fail to take this line of reasoning seriously, the implications are we are sure to succumb to the pitfalls of logical fallacies which may place our client’s or ourselves in harm’s way. Clinicians may be misguided or misdirected byShow MoreRelatedThe Theoretical Frameworks Governing The Field Of Counseling Psychology934 Words   |  4 Pagestheoretical frameworks governing the field of Counseling Psychology are theories emerging from several schools of thought including Psychoanalytic, Adlerian, Existential, Person-centered, Gestalt, Behavior, Cognitive behavior, Reality and Family systems. I will discuss and supplement the aforementioned therapy derived from theoretical foundations in the succeeding sections with the assistance of a class handout issued by Dr. Didi Firman for the course Counseling Theory and Practice and with excepts fromRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Issues1311 Words   |  6 Pagesethical issues and codes; theoretical orientations to ethics and; legal and ethical issues. Each chapter is supplemented with a summary and questions for additional reflection and thought and using theory for concrete ethical judgments sections. The book concludes with an epilogue, references and appendixes section which outlines the differing existing codes of ethics. Author’s Background and Credentials: Stephen J. Freeman is a professor of Counseling and Chair of the Department of Counselor EducationRead MoreLying On The Couch By Irvin D. A Brief Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesLying on the Couch by Irvin D. Yalom has been both entertaining and interesting from a counseling standpoint in that it provides a scandalous and as was in most of the cases, a look at what could go wrong if ethics in a clinical counseling setting go awry. Following the characters of Seymour Trotter, Earnest Lash, and Marshal Streider in working with their clients and with each other the ethical lessons to be learned become obviously apparent, if not emotionally painful. Although, numerous issuesRead MoreA Questionnaire for a Child and Family Development Specialist900 Words   |  4 Pagesit is not a practical starting point for providing counseling in child or family development setting. Indeed, practitioners in this field are increasingly finding that traditional conceptions of the American family unit are more limiting and problematic than useful in counseling. This dose promote the challenge, though, of providing counseling where a familys cultural orientation and value system differs dramatically from that of the counseling professional. According to the text by Palm (2009)Read MoreThe Scope Of Competency For Counseling Psychologists1131 Words   |  5 Pagespractice and scope of competency. Included research helps identify and elaborate more specifically on counseling psychologists and how the code of ethics is applied. The scope of practice for counseling psychologists includes helping individuals explore and recognize his/her strengths and identify a fitting-career and/or ways to cope with work problems between others. The scope of competency for counseling psychologists adheres to the same benchmarks that other practicing psychologists must follow, includin gRead MoreEssay on Counseling Ethics804 Words   |  4 Pagespracticing. And even with all this; â€Å"It is more helpful and effective to work within the framework of an established theory†¦practicing counseling without an explicit theoretical rational is somewhat like flying a plane without a map and without instruments. Theoretical orientation should not be a rigid structure that prescribes the specific steps of what to do in counseling, rather, theory should be a set of guidelines that counselors can use to make sense of what they are doing† (Collins1991, 90). ItRead MoreTest Anxiety And Performance That Indicate A Relationship Between Anxiety, Preparation And Test Performance927 Words   |  4 Pagesreasoning, analytical writing and critical thinking skills. (The GRE Test: What You Need to Know 2015). Scores from the GRE are used by graduate school counseling programs to indicate the future success of their students. The Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Examination (CPCE) is a comprehensive standardized test often taken prior to the graduate students completion of their program of study. It is designed to assess counseling students’ knowledge of counseling information viewed as importantRead MoreEthical Analysis : Ethical Competence1121 Words   |  5 Pageswhich determines how well we handle ourselves and each other. In the 1990s Daniel Goleman died research on promoting emotional intelligence as the new yardstick for measuring success at work. Goleman did not forge a strong link between emotions and ethics very forcefully, it is clear that a case can be made for a concept of ethical intelligence giving rise to ethical competence as a step beyond showing how emotional intelligence determines success in the workplace and in society (Berghofer, 2017).Read MoreAbnormal Human Behavior946 Words   |  4 PagesIn reflecting on the above outlined competency, I found myself thinking, with out the existence of abnormal human behavior, my life would not have been as interesting as it currently is. Throughout my adolescent years, primarily through observing others consistently, I was able to develop a profound interest and dedicated pensive thoughts into understanding the cognition and behaviors of human beings. As such, I would spend hours weekly, trying to understand why individuals think differently, seekRead MorePcn 505 Week 4 Paper1665 Words   |  7 PagesCounselor Ethics and Responsibilities Jennifer P Coetzee PCN-505 May 18, 2016 Kendra Stewart Counselor Ethics and Responsibilities Section 1: Counselor Values There are so many different views in opinions when it comes to the topic of abortion. There is the religious point that it is wrong to have an abortion because of the ten commandment that states â€Å"Thou shall not kill.† All have heard this one whether atheist or religious. People’s right to choose abortion or not has been questioned

Development of Intra and Intergroup Judgments †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Development of Intra and Intergroup Judgments. Answer: Introduction: In many parts of the world, women are underestimated of their capabilities (Mueller, Melwani Goncalo, 2012). The male dominated society has resulted to the portrayal of certain sections of biasness (Baumgartner et al., 2012) . At certain parts of the world, there are norms which prohibit women to drive a car (Gaertner Dovidio, 2014). It might sound ridiculous, but it is true. In the Arabian countries the similar kinds of norms governs the society (Killen et al., 2013). Therefore, I took the initiative of breaking it by driving a car myself. Expected reaction of the people The norm that I broke sprung up reactions that specifically portrayed that I perhaps had committed a blasphemy. The reaction was astonishing, as they looked astounded and mesmerized by the audacity that I could show by breaking the norm. It was as though I was the reason for the degradation of their society and the culture they were into. A steady reaction of the people and the protest could have brought me into trouble as I went against the norms of the society in order to feel myself as a free entity, not subdued by the male dominated society. The male candidates of the society looked at me as though I was trying to snatch the power out of them and the women looked at me as though they pitied me. Setting of the place I was returning from a date with my boyfriend, when I suddenly thought of driving the car. We got out of the restaurant and when he was going to take his seat as the driver, I forcibly snatched the keys out of his hands and went ahead with the gears. The place was filled with visitors of the restaurant, tourists and people belonging to the place. The people were making their visit to the hotel when the incident took place. In order to make it simpler, the security guards of the hotel and the guests of the restaurant were the witness of the incident. Some of the peddlers were also present in the setting. The incident took place at the front of the restaurant where I and my boyfriend went for a date later that evening. As we came out of the restaurant, I felt a sudden surge of driving the car, which was prohibited in the nation. The people looked at me as though I have performed a blasphemy by driving a car in a male dominated nation. I felt like I had conducted a revolution to bring about the change in the mentality and the outlook of the people. I undertook this action in order to portray the capabilities of the females and thereby prove that female candidates are no less than the male ones. Therefore, I desire an equal treatment. I felt in this manner because of the issues that the female has to face in a male dominated society is huge. It seems like the freedom is being subdued by the manacles that never seem to break apart. The people reacted in the same manner as was expected. It was because they were not accustomed with the very sight of a lady driving a car. The assignment has helped me in understanding the different forms of biasness that are prevalent in the society and the people misinterpret them as the norms. References Baumgartner, T., Gtte, L., Ggler, R., Fehr, E. (2012). The mentalizing network orchestrates the impact of parochial altruism on social norm enforcement. Human brain mapping, 33(6), 1452-1469. Gaertner, S. L., Dovidio, J. F. (2014). Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model. Psychology Press. Killen, M., Rutland, A., Abrams, D., Mulvey, K. L., Hitti, A. (2013). Development of intra?and intergroup judgments in the context of moral and social?conventional norms. Child Development, 84(3), 1063-1080. Mueller, J. S., Melwani, S., Goncalo, J. A. (2012). The bias against creativity: Why people desire but reject creative ideas. Psychological science, 23(1), 13-17.